Threat Intelligence Tarot
cups · 7
Iran (IRGC-linked)
G1017
risk 4/5
The Watering Hole
Tortoiseshell
Imperial Kitten · TA456 · Yellow Liderc
IT companiesDefense contractorsSaudi ArabiaIsraelKurdish communities
Active since ~2018 · IT sector compromise for downstream access, Defense contractor surveillance, Israel targeting
The Watering Hole does not go to its targets. It goes to the place its targets go - an IT support company, a defense contractor's recruiting portal, a Kurdish news website - and waits. Compromise the supplier, compromise the customer. Compromise the watering hole, drink from every cup.
Tactics & Techniques
RCN
RDV
INI
EXC
PRS
PRV
EVA
CRD
DSC
LAT
COL
C2
EXF
IMP
T1189
Drive-by Compromise
Initial Access
T1566.002
Spearphishing Link
Initial Access
T1059.001
PowerShell
Execution
T1105
Ingress Tool Transfer
Command and Control
T1036
Masquerading
Defense Evasion
Notable Operations
  • Saudi Arabian IT company compromise for downstream customer access
  • Fake job recruitment lures for defense contractor targeting
  • LinkedIn persona operation targeting US defense industry
  • Israeli critical infrastructure targeting (2022)
Defenses
Reversed: Their Weakness
Tortoiseshell's supply chain approach means that when a victim IT company discovers the compromise, all of its customers must be considered potentially exposed - the resulting notification cascade can generate significant intelligence for defenders about the full scope of operations.

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Data sourced from MITRE ATT&CK. For educational purposes.